<div>Thank you for your advices.  In my provided input file, the cell parameters and atomic positions are from a variable optimization using Non-Relativistic PP. But in the following scf run I changed to use Relativistic Pseudopotential containing additional information for spin-orbit calculations.  Because the current version of PWscf can not do nonline+ GGA stress calculation, I think I can try to do an vc-relax using Relativistic Pseudopotential +LDA.</div>

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<div class="gmail_quote">2009/4/8 Dal Corso Andrea <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:dalcorso@sissa.it">dalcorso@sissa.it</a>&gt;</span><br>
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<div class="h5">On Wed, 2009-04-08 at 19:34 +0800, 程迎春 wrote:<br>&gt; Dear PWscf users,<br>&gt;         In my recent calculation of 4H-AlN (ABCB stacking sequence),<br>&gt; the band symmetry seems to be missed in bands.x calculation.  The<br>
&gt; output of bands.x is as following:<br>&gt;  **************************************************************************<br>&gt;                     xk=(   0.00000,   0.00000,   0.00000  )<br>&gt;      double point group C_6v (6mm)<br>
&gt;      there are  9 classes and  3 irreducible representations<br>&gt;      the character table:<br>&gt;        E     -E     C2    2C3  -2C3   2C6  -2C6   3s_v  3s_d<br>&gt;                    -C2                           -3s_v -3s_d<br>
&gt; G_7    2.00 -2.00  0.00  1.00 -1.00  1.73 -1.73  0.00  0.00<br>&gt; G_8    2.00 -2.00  0.00  1.00 -1.00 -1.73  1.73  0.00  0.00<br>&gt; G_9    2.00 -2.00  0.00 -2.00  2.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00<br>&gt;      the symmetry operations in each class:<br>
&gt;      E             1<br>&gt;       C2  -C2      2   -2<br>&gt;       2C6          3    4<br>&gt;       2C3          5    6<br>&gt;       3s_v-3s_v    7   -7    9   10  -10   -9<br>&gt;       3s_d-3s_d    8   -8   12  -11   11  -12<br>
&gt;      -E           -1<br>&gt;      -2C6         -3   -4<br>&gt;      -2C3         -5   -6<br>&gt;      Band symmetry, C_6v (6mm)  double point group:<br>&gt;      e(  1 -  2) =     -8.01764  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e(  3 -  4) =     -7.17573  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>
&gt;      e(  5 -  6) =     -7.13551  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e(  7 -  8) =     -5.93881  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e(  9 - 10) =      1.12077  eV     2   --&gt; G_7<br>&gt;      e(  9 - 10) =      1.12077  eV     2   --&gt;   0 G_8<br>
&gt;      e( 11 - 12) =      3.70317  eV     2   --&gt;   0 G_7<br>&gt;      e( 11 - 12) =      3.70317  eV     2   --&gt; G_8<br>&gt;      e( 13 - 14) =      3.76782  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e( 15 - 16) =      6.34352  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>
&gt;      e( 17 - 18) =      6.35869  eV     2   --&gt; G_9<br>&gt;      e( 19 - 20) =      6.58061  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e( 21 - 22) =      6.59473  eV     2   --&gt; G_9<br>&gt;      e( 23 - 24) =      6.65103  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>
&gt;      e( 25 - 26) =      6.66500  eV     2   --&gt; G_9<br>&gt;      e( 27 - 28) =      6.91040  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e( 29 - 30) =      6.92400  eV     2   --&gt; G_9<br>&gt;      e( 31 - 32) =      7.00967  eV     2   --&gt; G_7<br>
&gt;      e( 31 - 32) =      7.00967  eV     2   --&gt;   0 G_8<br>&gt;      e( 33 - 34) =     11.19288  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e( 35 - 36) =     13.31415  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e( 37 - 38) =     13.59769  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>
&gt;      e( 39 - 40) =     14.02975  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e( 41 - 42) =     17.15974  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e( 43 - 44) =     17.32327  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>&gt;      e( 45 - 46) =     17.92003  eV     2   --&gt;   ?<br>
&gt;  **************************************************************************<br>&gt; My question are :<br>&gt; 1. what does &quot;?&quot; mean in &quot;  e(  1 -  2) =     -8.01764  eV     2<br><br></div></div>It means that the symmetry finder is confused. The bands have not a<br>
symmetry that it recognizes.<br>There are several reasons for this:<br><br>1) The &#39;scf&#39; and &#39;bands&#39; calculations have been run with slightly<br>different parameters. (solution: recheck your input)<br><br>2) Your atomic positions are not sufficiently accurate: the number of<br>
digits is sufficient for pw.x to find the symmetries but the<br>wavefunctions are sufficiently inaccurate to confuse the symmetry<br>analyzer. (solution: correct your atomic positions)<br><br>3) If 1) and 2) do not work and you are sure about your coordinates,<br>
then probably there is a bug in the symmetry analyzer. (solution: report<br>to the forum. I will try to solve it if I can).<br><br>In your particular case: I am confused. On my PC the symmetry found with<br>your coordinates is C_3v and the symmetry analyzer seems to work. So<br>
please recheck your run. If you still find C_6v please recheck your<br>atomic positions.<br><br>Hope this helps.<br><br>Andrea<br>
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<div></div>
<div class="h5"><br><br><br>&gt;  --&gt;   ?&quot;      ?<br>&gt; 2. what does &quot;0&quot; mean in &quot;     e(  9 - 10) =      1.12077  eV     2<br>&gt; --&gt;   0 G_8&quot; ?<br>&gt; 3. In 2H-AlN(AB stacking sequence), all the symmetries of bands are<br>
&gt; shown. Why in 4H-AlN, it seems much more complicated.<br>&gt;<br>&gt; The input files about 4H-AlN for pw.x and bands.x are as following:<br>&gt; <a href="http://scf.in/" target="_blank">scf.in</a><br>&gt; &amp;control<br>
&gt;                     title = 2h_aln,<br>&gt;                       prefix = &#39;4h_band&#39;,<br>&gt;                  calculation = &#39;scf&#39; ,<br>&gt;                 restart_mode = &#39;from_scratch&#39; ,<br>
&gt;                   wf_collect = .false. ,<br>&gt;                       outdir = &#39;./&#39; ,<br>&gt;                       wfcdir = &#39;./&#39; ,<br>&gt;                   pseudo_dir = &#39;./&#39; ,<br>&gt;                      tstress = .true. ,<br>
&gt;                      tprnfor = .true. ,<br>&gt;                    wf_collect = .true. ,<br>&gt;  /<br>&gt;  &amp;SYSTEM<br>&gt;                        ibrav = 4,<br>&gt;                    celldm(1) = 5.866002785691,<br>
&gt;                    celldm(3) = 3.238615289089,<br>&gt;                          nat = 8,<br>&gt;                         ntyp = 2,<br>&gt;                      ecutwfc = 80,<br>&gt;                        nbnd  = 46,<br>
&gt;                        nosym = .false. ,<br>&gt;                      lspinorb = .true.,<br>&gt;                      noncolin= .true.,<br>&gt;                    starting_magnetization=0.00,<br>&gt;  /<br>&gt;  &amp;ELECTRONS<br>
&gt;             electron_maxstep = 100,<br>&gt;                     conv_thr = 1.D-10,<br>&gt;  /<br>&gt; ATOMIC_SPECIES<br>&gt;     N   14.00700  N.rel-pbe-rrkjus.UPF<br>&gt;    Al   26.98200  Al.rel-pbe-rrkj.UPF<br>&gt; ATOMIC_POSITIONS (crystal)<br>
&gt; N        0.000000000   0.000000000  -0.000722968<br>&gt; N        0.000000000   0.000000000   0.499277032<br>&gt; N        0.333333333   0.666666667   0.249293699<br>&gt; N        0.666666667   0.333333333   0.749293699<br>
&gt; Al       0.000000000   0.000000000   0.188800277<br>&gt; Al       0.000000000   0.000000000   0.688800277<br>&gt; Al       0.333333333   0.666666667   0.437593675<br>&gt; Al       0.666666667   0.333333333   0.937793675<br>
&gt; K_POINTS automatic<br>&gt;   8 8 8 1 1 1<br>&gt;<br>&gt; <a href="http://band.in/" target="_blank">band.in</a><br>&gt; &amp;control<br>&gt;                       title = 2h_aln,<br>&gt;                       prefix = &#39;4h_band&#39;,<br>
&gt;                  calculation = &#39;bands&#39; ,<br>&gt;                 restart_mode = &#39;from_scratch&#39; ,<br>&gt;                   wf_collect = .false. ,<br>&gt;                       outdir = &#39;./&#39; ,<br>
&gt;                       wfcdir = &#39;./&#39; ,<br>&gt;                   pseudo_dir = &#39;./&#39; ,<br>&gt;  /<br>&gt;  &amp;SYSTEM<br>&gt;                        ibrav = 4,<br>&gt;                    celldm(1) = 5.866002785691,<br>
&gt;                    celldm(3) = 3.238615289089,<br>&gt;                          nat = 8,<br>&gt;                         ntyp = 2,<br>&gt;                      ecutwfc = 80,<br>&gt;                      nbnd=46,<br>&gt;                          lspinorb = .true.,<br>
&gt;                      noncolin= .true.,<br>&gt;                    starting_magnetization=0.0,<br>&gt;  /<br>&gt;  &amp;ELECTRONS<br>&gt;             electron_maxstep = 100,<br>&gt;                     conv_thr = 1.D-10,<br>
&gt;  /<br>&gt; ATOMIC_SPECIES<br>&gt;     N   14.00700  N.rel-pbe-rrkjus.UPF<br>&gt;    Al   26.98200  Al.rel-pbe-rrkj.UPF<br>&gt; ATOMIC_POSITIONS (crystal)<br>&gt; N        0.000000000   0.000000000  -0.000722968<br>&gt; N        0.000000000   0.000000000   0.499277032<br>
&gt; N        0.333333333   0.666666667   0.249293699<br>&gt; N        0.666666667   0.333333333   0.749293699<br>&gt; Al       0.000000000   0.000000000   0.188800277<br>&gt; Al       0.000000000   0.000000000   0.688800277<br>
&gt; Al       0.333333333   0.666666667   0.437593675<br>&gt; Al       0.666666667   0.333333333   0.937793675<br>&gt; K_POINTS<br>&gt;          2<br>&gt;   0.000000  0.000000  0.000000  1.00<br>&gt;   0.000000  0.000000  0.083333  1.00<br>
&gt;<br>&gt;<br>&gt; <a href="http://bands.in/" target="_blank">bands.in</a><br>&gt; &amp;inputpp<br>&gt; prefix=&#39;4h_band&#39;<br>&gt; outdir=&#39;./&#39;<br>&gt; filband=&#39;spin.dat&#39;<br>&gt; lsigma(3)=.true.<br>
&gt; lsym=.true.<br>&gt; /<br>&gt;<br>&gt; Thank you in advance!<br>&gt;<br>&gt;<br>&gt; --<br>&gt; Y. C. Cheng<br>&gt; Department of Phyics<br>&gt; Nanjing University<br>&gt; Nanjing 210093<br>&gt; P. R. China<br>&gt; Tel: 86-25-83592907<br>
&gt; Email: <a href="mailto:yccheng.nju@gmail.com">yccheng.nju@gmail.com</a><br>&gt;<br></div></div>&gt; _______________________________________________<br>&gt; Pw_forum mailing list<br>&gt; <a href="mailto:Pw_forum@pwscf.org">Pw_forum@pwscf.org</a><br>
&gt; <a href="http://www.democritos.it/mailman/listinfo/pw_forum" target="_blank">http://www.democritos.it/mailman/listinfo/pw_forum</a><br>--<br>Andrea Dal Corso                    Tel. 0039-040-3787428<br>SISSA, Via Beirut 2/4               Fax. 0039-040-3787528<br>
34014 Trieste (Italy)               e-mail: <a href="mailto:dalcorso@sissa.it">dalcorso@sissa.it</a><br><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>Pw_forum mailing list<br><a href="mailto:Pw_forum@pwscf.org">Pw_forum@pwscf.org</a><br>
<a href="http://www.democritos.it/mailman/listinfo/pw_forum" target="_blank">http://www.democritos.it/mailman/listinfo/pw_forum</a><br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Y. C. Cheng<br>Department of Phyics<br>
Nanjing University<br>Nanjing 210093<br>P. R. China<br>Tel: 86-25-83592907<br>Email: <a href="mailto:yccheng.nju@gmail.com">yccheng.nju@gmail.com</a><br>